- Drug interactions between iron and:
Fluoroquinolon (ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin…)
* Taking two drugs at least 2 hours apart
Tetracyclin (doxycyclin)
ACE inhibitors (captopril)
* Taking two drugs at least 2 hours apart
Antacids (containing magnesium hydroxide, aluminum and calcium)
* Taking two drugs at least 2 hours apart
H2 antihistamines (ranitidin)
* Taking at least 1h before using antihistamines H2
2. Update: trade name, content
Acemol 500mg -> Paracetamol 500mg
Vitamin A 200.000 IU -> Vitamin A 50.000 IU
Flagyl 250mg -> Metronidazole 250mg
Note: presentation, administration
Venofer 100mg/5ml (nous)
Adona 25mg/5ml (intravenous)
- Interactions
Do not administer stimultaniously intravenous iron preparations (Venofer) with oral iron preparations because the absorption of the oral iron was reduced.
- Dosage to supply for iron deficiency due to blood loss
- Known amount of blood loss: administer 200 mg intravenous iron (= 10 ml Venofer) increases hemoglobin level equivalent to one blood unit (400ml with content = 150 g / l Hb)
- If the Hb concentration decreased:
Additional iron (mg) = body weight (kg) x 0:24 x (target Hb - actual Hb) (g / l.
If the total dose exceeds the highest recommended dose, use divided dose.
- Adult recommended dose:
5-10ml Venofer (100-200mg of iron), 2-3 times per week due to the Hb concentration.
- Pernicious Anemia, macrocytic anemia (not accompanied by neurological symptoms):
250-1000μg IM injection in 1-2 week; 250μg on the next week until the blood count returned to normal. Maintenance dose: 1000μg per month.
- When there is nerve damage: 1000μg every other day until symptoms improved
- Prevent anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency because of malabsorption syndrome or after gastric bypass surgery: 250-1000μg IM per month.
- Taking 500 mg three times daily
- Intravenous infusion: 500 mg 2-3 times / day
Mied infections by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria: often combine with beta lactam or aminoglycoside.
The time-dependent antibiotics promote optimal bactericidal effect when drug concentrations are maintained above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Drug concentrations are maintained at 2-4 times of MIC between drug administration. For these drugs, the higher concentration will not create better effect. Time on the minimum inhibitory concentration (T > MIC) reached 40-60% distance dose.
| Active ingredient | Trade name | T 1/2 (hour) | Usual dose (adults) |
Cefadroxil | Mekocefal 500mg | 1,5 | 1g every 12 hours |
Cefazolin | Shinzolin 1g | 1,8 | 1g every 8-12 hours |
Cefuroxim | Quincef 250mg Cefuroxim 750mg | 1,2 | 259-500mg every 12 hours |
Cefixim | Cefimvid 200mg | 3,1 | 200mg every 12 hours |
Cefotaxim | Cefotaxim 1g | 1 | 1g every 8-12 hours |
Ceftriaxon | Ceftriaxon 1g | 8 | 2g every 24 hours |
Ceftazidim | Vitazidim 1g | 1,8 | 1g every 8-12 hours |
Cefepim | Maxipim 1g | 2,2 | 2g every 12 hours |
T 1 / 2: Time half
7. Pharmacodynamics of Diazepam- Diazepam- an anxiolytic-sedative drug- makes advantage of the inhibition of GABA in the subcortex.
- Peak blood levels after oral administration: Tmax = 1-1.5 hours
- The binding proteins (98%), highly lipid-soluble easily crosses the blood-brain barrier.
- The elimination half-life of diazepam have two phases, the initial rapid distribution phase and excreted final phase lasts 24-48 hours. Main metabolite, N-desmethyldiazepam, have pharmacological excretion half life about 30-100 hours.
- The drug mainly excreted through the kidneys as glucuronid, depending on age and liver, kidney function.
